Perhaps the most critical bits of agricultural machinery designed in the previous century, the combine harvester transforms an extraordinarily work escalated measure into a one-individual work. Reaping crops without the machine is wasteful and expensive. This machine permits for all intents and purposes any rancher with the space to develop oats, rye, grain, and wheat. To truly see how the combine harvester functions, we need to return a piece and investigate its set of experiences. Early combine harvesters - At first, created in America by Hiram Moore, they were immediately embraced by American ranchers. By 1860 these early ponies and donkey-drawn machines were being used in homesteads all over America. An Australian by the name of Hugh Victor McKay built up the first of numerous business combine harvesters in 1885: the Daylight Harvester. These early combine harvesters follow a similar rule of the motor-driven, self-pushed ones that we use today; the header cuts the yields and compasses them into whatever capacity region it is worked with. The combine harvesters of the nineteenth century would in the end be made with a cutting width of a few meters, which means it would require some investment to wrap up gathering a whole field. Self Propelled harvesters - The Daylight Harvester introduced another period as the combine made its way around the globe. Holt Assembling of California additionally made a self-impelled harvester in 1911, and later, in 1923, the Gleaner Assembling Organization licensed a self-moved harvester that made utilization of various grain taking care of enhancements like the drill to supplant material drapers, a scratch bar sifting chamber, and a chamber that sifted nearer to the yield. The Gleaner Assembling Organization would proceed to turn out to be essential for AGCO near seventy years after the fact, the main name internationally in today's rural hardware industry. Further upgrades - A European harvester by the name of 'Herkules' was created during the 50s by maker CLAAS with the capacity to collect as much as 5 tons of wheat consistently. Self-cleaning rotational screens, an improvement that was made during the 1960s, shut down a typical issue where motors would overheat as a result of grains stopping up the radiators. The revolving configuration was another colossal improvement that permits the grain to be taken from the tail and passed along a rotor. Today combine harvesters work by sending crop up a feeder throat by means of a flight lift, arriving at a sifting system where grain and straw are isolated. Most machines enable you to adjust everything about the cycle physically to get the most flawlessly awesome yield of harvest. Over a hundred years of development and innovative progression has made the machine normally utilized by ranchers everywhere in the present reality. It is these highlights that make the combine harvester perhaps the most significant bits of machinery you'll discover on any ranch.
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New Technical innovation in agricultural machinery sector allows farmers to cover larger miles of area in minimum time. If we talk about the most common and most basic or primary farm equipment which is used in farming on a high scale, is a tractor. Initially, a tractor was used for simple farming activities like ploughing, pulling implements, ground levelling for farming, and even growing of place seeds. But with time as more technical innovations are taking place, tractors are now able to perform activities that previously they could not. In current times tractors come with many advanced features like GPS techniques set up to guide the user, also, some automatic features that help the tractor in saving fuel and reducing costs while working on a farm. Like a tractor there are many other implements designed that can be used connected to a tractor to perform the different activities of farming. Earlier a tractor was the only advanced machinery used in the farming. But with constant changes and upgrades in agriculture technologies new farm implements and machines are launched every day. Some of these are versatile and are able to perform multiple tasks on a farm. Nowadays a combine harvester also known as combine, we can say is the most advanced machine in agriculture sector as it makes the harvesting process very easy and efficient for farmers. A multi-crop harvester or combine machine can allow farmers to collect grains from plants such as rice, oat, barley or maize. The name combine is given to the machine on the fact that it merges three harvesting activities together of cutting, threshing and winnowing into a single process. Modern combine also come with automatic laser guided techniques and ac cabins. Tractor and combine harvester are also the most expensive machinery due to the heavy engines and extensive functions. Except these two, other major farm equipment used in farming as per the process are mentioned below- Tillage – Plough, Disc Plough, Mould-board Plough, Reversible mb plough, cultivators, rotary tiller or rotavator, sub-soiler, disc harrow etc. Seeding & Planting – disc seed drills, zero machine or zero tillage machine, no-till seed drill, post-hole digger Plant Protection – fertilizer spreader, boom sprayer Land Leveling – laser land leveler, mulcher, rotary cutters Baler – Round balers, square balers, mowers This is only because of the modern farming equipment that farmers are now allowed to aid their farming methods ultimately resulting into improved productivity as well increased income. Harvesting season is crucial for a farmer and so is the process of harvesting. Harvesting needs be handled very carefully as there is always a risk of grain loss during cutting and threshing the crops manually. Different types of grain crops such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, and soybean need to be harvested very carefully to get the edible grains. The edible parts of these crops is used as grains which is further used to make products like bread, cereal etc. to feed the population around the world. Once the seeds or the edible part is separated from the chaff or stalks, the stalk needs to be discarded as it is inedible. In manual harvesting process which is quite long and hectic farmers first, have to cut down the crop with a long-handled cutting tool known as a scythe and next they have to separate the inedible chaff from edible grain by beating the stalks with hands in the process known as threshing. Lastly to get the final edible grain, the remaining debris is cleaned from the seeds for mill use. The whole process takes several days to weeks from the cutting to finally getting edible grains. However, farmers nowadays use modern combine harvester machine or multi-crop harvester that cuts, thresh and separates grain, collecting them in the header of the machine very efficiently in one go without any wasting any. A combine harvester significantly reduces the chances of grain loss while the quality of the grains also remains good. Here we are going to mention the key advantages of using a combine harvester –
A Seed drill plays a vital role in comparison to manual seeding when it comes to planting seeds of crops as planting distance and plant density are crucial factors matters a lot for maximizing the yields of crops. For example using a seed drill for wheat crop can increase in produce by 13.025 % when compared to the conventional method. Modern seed drills provide farmers all the facility allowing them to work efficiently as they can sow seeds very easily in minimum time. The system of a seed drill allows it to sow seeds automatically making it best suitable to use in trashy soils where the smooth seed bed preparation seems very difficult. These are generally used as attached to the tractor. Modern seed drill are even more improved that consist of seed boxes with metering mechanism, furrow openers, frame, covering devices, seed rate adjusting lever and transport cum power transmitting wheels. The metering system allows a farmer to sow required quantity of seeds into the farm. It also covers the seeds so that it does not get damaged while working on the farm. Things to keep in mind when using a seed drill at your farm: · The depth of seeds should be uniform with regard to its placement. · The seeds should be uniformly distributed along the rows. · Its angle with regard to row should also be considered. · Loose soil getting is also prevented. · Soil is covered uniformly over the seed. · Fertilizer is mixed with seed during placement in the furrow. All the above factors should be noted to choose a best performance seed drill or planter. To improve the performance we need to optimize the above factors also so that we get desired efficacy from the system in economical way. Its design is simplified and components are selected to suit the need of the corps. In the working of the robot seed drill or planter also plays vital role in manipulating the physical environment. A Rotavator is significant tillage equipment that allows farmers to perform the multiple tasks of primary and secondary tilling work both. With the help of rotavator, a farmer can add multiple profits to his farming business. Know in this article, how to select the best rotavator for your farm and the factors that affect the decision of choosing a rotavator for your farm. Rotavator Size Rotavator Price Rotavator Blades Types of Blades Rotavator Features Rotavator Size Different types of rotavator are available in the market and each one has own different sizes and shapes for types of applications. Small versions of a rotary tiller like mini rotavator are especially designed to be used in the garden and on small vegetable gardens, while large models of a tractor rotavator such as medium-duty and heavy-duty are suitable to use and work in the larger areas of land like crop and grain fields. The standard size of a rotavator used in farming is from 3 to 7 feet. These kinds of rotavators are used in extensive farming operations. Rotavator Price The cost of an agriculture rotavator usually depends upon the size and the functions. A multi-speed rotavator can cost around 1 Lakh/ Unit and can be operated easily with the PTO power of 35 to 55 HP tractors. Rotavator Blades To prepare a perfect seedbed rotavator with L shaped blades are popular and effective. These rotating blades work attached to the shaft that takes power from tractor PTO shaft. These are configured in two types the first one is a three-blade and the second is two blade configurations. Types of Blades Different types of blade are used as per the condition of the soil. L shaped blades are preferred in heavy cultivation as they work perfectly to eliminate weeds and frequently cause soil pulverization while the C-shaped blades are used in preparing ground with hard soil. C type blades are more curved in shape than L shaped blades and have lower tendency to clog up when used in heavy wet soils field. Other types of blade are long shank blade, Speed blade and straight knife blade. Rotavator Features Many farmers usually are aware that preparing the seedbed in heavy and black cotton soils can be backbreaking. The clod creation can be handled with plough, cultivators and other conventional agriculture equipment. But to overcome reduce the steps using primary and secondary tillage implement, a rotavator is a versatile equipment that replaces all the implement. It cuts, smashes and mixes soil according to seedbed demand that can be rough or light. We can see in the above video that rotavator shaft cutting blades are there to break the clods and with the different blades these work can be made easy. Various types of agricultural machinery is used in farming operations for producing different types of crops. The most common crop production level includes: Transportation Storage; Handling residues of previous crops Seeding and planting Primary and secondary tillage Harvesting Cultivation Fertilizer Spreader and application Pest control Irrigation Drainage In ancient times animals were used as a main source of energy in farming practices. And later, steam power was used. And in last few decades tractors with diesel engines became common and quite popular in modern times. As a result in the developed countries, it reduced the number of farm workers, whereas production continued to increase with the use of modern agriculture machinery. Technology has significantly improved agriculture output and also the quality of yields. Now farmers do not need to break their backs by using old and traditional agriculture tools as it is totally wasting their good health and time. Tractor that was once used to be known as a technological genius in the field of agriculture is an old news now due to constant launch of innovative machinery. Modern agriculture machinery has transformed the farming industry for the good. Below we have mentioned a few names of the modern agriculture machinery that are used commonly. Tractor A versatile machinery used for different purposes from transporting crops and grains to pulling heavy machinery on farm in to perform different farming operations. Combine Harvester Used for grain harvesting this versatile harvesting equipment has made the difficult harvesting process very easy for farmers. The harvesting which used to take weeks’ time can now be completed in 2 to 3 days even in largest grain fields. Plough Various types of plough are used as tractor implements for soil preparation before the planting season. Different plough like disc plough, mould-board plough, reversible plough etc. is used to can turn, move and mix the soil with ease. Sprayer Fertilizer sprayer are used to spray fungicide, insecticide or pesticide uniformly over the crops that need these chemicals. Rotary Tillers It is versatile tillage equipment used for primary as well secondary tillage and to prepare seedbed. It is one of the best agricultural machinery to prepare seedbed before planting seeds. Tillage is usually can be divided in two types primary and secondary. While primary tillage is needed to be done to open new fields, the primary purpose of secondary tillage is to restrict water movement from the surface layers. Different types of equipment are used in both tillage systems. Know more in detail about the Primary and secondary tillage. Primary Tillage Primary tillage is usually done after the last harvest as the first soil tillage or to open or turn new fields for sowing. It is generally performed when the soil has enough moisture to allow ploughing and strong enough to provide reasonable intensities of traction. Primary tillage is required immediately after the harvesting previous crop or at the start of the next rainy season. But in case if sufficient power is available on a farm some soil can be ploughed dry also. The Purpose of Primary Tillage is –
Implement used in Primary Tillage The most commonly used tillage implement in primary tillage system is the mould-board ploughs. In soil with hardpan layers, the fields have to be entirely saturated on a regular basis before tillage can be carried out. In soils with lighter texture such as sandy soil, tillage can be done as per the moisture levels under the field. In 2-wheel powered systems a disc plough with one-way discs and mould-board plough both are used. The disc plough are usually preferred in hard, rocky and rooted areas as it uses less power and can deal with any obstacles more easily. Three to seven disc and offset ploughs are also commonly used attached to a tractor in primary tillage system. Secondary Tillage After completing the primary tillage, secondary tillage is required give soil the final structure to prepare a perfect seedbed for sowing seeds. The Purpose of Secondary Tillage is
Implement used in Secondary Tillage Secondary tillage is usually lighter and less aggressive in comparison to primary tillage. The mold board plough, disc harrow and the rotovator are some commonly used equipment in secondary tillage. In some cases, where necessary, disc harrows are used in place of rotovators. Tined cultivators, offset disc ploughs, seven-disc ploughs and rotovator are also commonly used equipment in secondary Tillage system. Before planting seeds, normally when 2-3 secondary tillage round after primary tillage if soil needs more rounds will depend on multiple factors such as
Generally in most of the countries the primary and secondary tillage is done using tractor ploughs and the final seedbed is prepared using harrows. Ploughing needs to be done before sowing plant seeds into the ground, to provide a suitable environment for plants to grow. A farmer can easily prepare a land for farming that has not been sown before by using modern farm equipment such as a disc plough, mould-board plough, reversible mb plough etc. Specifically disc plough and mould-board plough are very useful farm equipment that makes soil full of nutrients by turning it and exposing it to the sun light and air. Here we will discuss some more things to know about the disc plough and mould-board plough Mould-board Plough For many farmers a moldboard plough a vital machinery to maintain their farm. It helps farmers to prepare the perfect seedbed before sowing. The plough is also works best when there is a need to prepare the soil for grass seeding. The mould board plough or mb plough consists of large curved bottom, known as moldboard, affixed to a frame, shears located on the bottom of the moldboard while large curved wings on the top edge. The plough cuts through the top layers of soil and thoroughly modifies soil structure. Advantages and functions of a moldboard plough are mentioned below.
What is a Disc Plough A disc plough is made with a set of individually mounted inclined disc blades on a frame and is pulled by a tractor in the field to cut, break, mix and loose the soil. The mounted disc plough also breaks furrow slices in some cases using the discs. Here we have mentioned some main function of a disc plough. Its functions -
A combine harvester is a versatile machinery that is designed to harvest a variety of grain crops efficiently. The name also originates from its capability to combine three separate steps of harvesting that include: Reaping – The cutting process when crops are gathered when they are ripe. Threshing – The process of loosening the edible part - grains from the attached chaff. Winnowing – Finally separating grain from the straw. It “Combines” the above separate steps into a single process. A Multi-crop combine harvester can harvest different types of crops. Fe are mentioned here –
The separated straw from the crops is left over the field that comprises of stems and any remaining leaves of the crop with only limited nutrients. The straw is then either chopped or spread over the field and ploughed back in or baled to feed livestock or to use for bedding. Advantages of using a combine harvester:
Soil preparation needs lots of hard work and time in before planting seeds so that plant can grow properly. Good soil is the key to achieve successful cultivation. Soil preparation is necessary to provide plants essential environment and soil conditions for proper growth. Tilling the soil allows aerate the soil, exposes the upper layer to the sun, to increase the quantity of natural nutrient making it healthy to sow seeds. However, it can be a costly process as it requires many steps to work on the soil to create better soil conditions. To make it easy to modify the soil structure and reduce the operating cost of soil tilling many agricultural machinery manufacturer try to introduce implements that can decrease the number of rounds needed for soil preparation. A rotavator, subsoiler and power harrow are few types of potential implement that can work best to change soil structure. What is Rotary Tiller/Rotavator A rotary tiller is very efficient soil tillage implement that is capable of performing multiple steps of soil tillage from primary to secondary also reducing the cost of seedbed preparation. It is made of a simple structure that is highly efficient. It consists of a series of curved blades also known as rotors that swirl up the land. However for best usage the rotavator size should be chosen as per the requirement. For example a mini rotavator can aerate soil 4 to 5 inches and cab be used with mini tractors. While a heavy duty tractor rotavator can aerate soil up to 7 inches and is suitable to use in large lands to finish preparing seedbed rapidly and efficiently. In the agricultural land, where crop is produced on a regular basis throughout the year, after some time the quantity of nutrients in the soil becomes poorer because of nonstop productivity, that makes it less productive. Therefore, farmers use fertilizer and chemicals to increase productivity and fight pests. Farmers have to also use irrigation and other process of agriculture to make soil more efficient. A Rotavator can play a very important role in double or multi-crop systems in agriculture where the time limit for soil preparation is very less. It is the best machinery used for mixing fertilizers or manure into the soil and when it is about preparing seedbed. It offers better pulverization, superior soil mixing, fastest seedbed preparation and reduced draft in comparison to conventional tillage. More or less Rotavator is best substitute for the extreme chemical fertilizers and to improve benefits to cost ratio for farmers. |
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February 2022
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