Agriculture is the biggest livelihood for the population in our country. And its also one of the largest contributors in climate change. Below we have mentioned five main impacts of agriculture on climate change and environment. 1. Land Degradation The degradation of land is matter of serious concern in one form or the other as it endangers sustainability of agriculture. Landslide due to rains and flowing water in mountains and deforestation, overgrazing and flawed cultural practices in the forest and plains expose the soil to water and wind erosions. The water logging due to rising water level, mainly alongside the rivers, rendering soil unhealthy for cultivation, covers large land. Except these, following kinds of land degradations are taking place in current times –
1. Deforestation The main reasons for decline in forest wealth are the increasing demand for food, fuel wood and timber due to the Increasing population. Other are -Unsystematic sitting of development projects, frequent forest fires. 2. Biodiversity In our country there is a wide variety of agro-climatic conditions which harbor a wide variety of animals and plants. India ranks approximately 10th in the World and 4th in Asia in terms of plant variety. With farming sector becoming more and more commercialized every passing day, numerous plant and animal species are becoming extinct. The crops with profits are highly cultivated while the less profitable are rapidly declining, creating different environmental harms. 3. Pest Problem The pest crisis has also become very severe with the change in crop pattern, increase in land under irrigation and high cropping intensity. The problem of pests has also increased by way of unsystematic and more use of pesticides. 4. Industrial and Agricultural Wastes: The paddy straw and rice husk are usually burned by the farmers that create harmful gases like carbon dioxide and carbon-monoxide in the atmosphere that further result into causing respiratory problems for animals and human beings. This is essentially needed the recycling of the agricultural wastes in other projects like dairy, fishery, poultry etc. and processing of chaff and straw by ploughing in the field as organic matter.
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